全球公共交通費用最貴的城市

World's Most Expensive Commutes
By Esther I. Yi, 07.07.09, 12:01 AM ET

After too many rides through the Tube, you might find yourself in a bend--a financial one, that is.
That's because London's single-ride fee costs $4.33, the highest among 20 geographically diverse cities recently measured in U.S. dollars. Tokyo falls behind at $3.25 per metro ride, and Berlin third at $2.69. Among its European counterparts, London is far and away the costliest: Commuters in Brussels, Paris, Dublin and Amsterdam can expect to pay

within the $2.00 range--or about half of what London charges--for their bus or metro ticket.
Straphangers in New York City also pay $2.00 a subway ride. The fares get even cheaper in Rome ($1.28) and Athens ($1.03). Especially penny-pinching travelers should head to Prague and Warsaw for below-dollar rides.

全球公共交通費用最貴的城市

頻繁乘坐地鐵之後，你或許會發現你在財務方面有點吃不消了。這是因為，倫敦的地鐵單程票價為4.33美元，這一價格位列20個城市（最近這些城市的公共交通費用按美元進行了衡量）之首。東京以3.25美元的地鐵票價緊隨其後，柏林則以2.69美元排名第三。與歐洲其他城市相比，倫敦的公共交通費用要貴得多。布魯塞爾、巴黎、都柏林和阿姆斯特丹的公共汽車或地鐵票價可低至2美元以下，或者約為倫敦票價的一半。

紐約的上班族乘坐地鐵也需要花費2美元。羅馬（1.28美元）和雅典（1.03美元）的票價則更便宜。精打細算的旅客更應該去布拉格和華沙，因為那兒的公共交通票價還不到一美元。



Behind The Numbers
This comparative list comes from Mercer's Worldwide Cost of Living survey 2009. In it, analysts selected the most convenient and popular means of transportation between bus and subway in 15 cities and gauged the price based upon a ride in the city center for one adult.

數字背後

這個對比性的榜單以美世 (Mercer) 的2009全球生活成本調查為依據。在調查中，分析師為15個城市在公共汽車和地鐵之間選擇了最便捷、最受歡迎的交通形式，並以市中心的成年人單程票價作為標準。

Mercer's annual survey has been designed to cater to the multinational companies and governments that use the study's results to help determine appropriate compensation packages for employees sent abroad. The report takes 143 cities across six continents and compares the costs, in U.S. dollars, of over 200 items in each location. The goods and services under inspection--including housing, transportation, food, leisure and household supplies--are representative of executive spending patterns, and the selection of the cities reflects the request for corresponding data from the groups that use the study's findings.

美世的年度調查旨在為跨國公司和政府服務，跨國公司和政府利用調查結果來幫助確定海外外派人員的工資津貼。這項報告覆蓋了六大洲的143個城市，並按照美元對每個城市的200多個項目的價格進行了對比。納入調查的商品和服務包括住房、交通、食品、休閒娛樂以及家庭用品，代表了高階主管開支模式，而挑選的城市則反映了那些使用調查結果的團體對相應資料的需求。

"The cost of expatriate programs is heavily influenced by currency fluctuations and inflation rates," said Nathalie Constantin-Métral, a senior researcher at Mercer. "Now that cost containment and reduction is at the top of most company agendas, keeping track of the change in factors that dictate expatriate cost of living and housing allowances is essential."
Daily commutes are likely rising to the top of that list. As belt-tightening firms cut costs, and local governments face depleted coffers, getting to and from work is, in some cities, becoming a costlier affair. In New York City, for example, a daily subway ride is set to rise to $2.25.

美世高級研究員 Nathalie Constantin-Métral 表示：「匯率波動和通膨率對外派項目的成本影響很大。既然控制和削減成本已經成為了許多公司的首要議程，那麼對影響生活和住房津貼外派成本的因素的變化進行持續追蹤也就十分有必要。」

每天的上下班交通費很有可能成為調查的重點。隨著推行強制性節約措施的公司削減成本，以及當地政府面臨金庫縮水，在一些城市，上下班的交通費便成為了一項昂貴的負擔。例如，在紐約市，日常的地鐵票價將漲至2.25美元。

Overall, Tokyo is the most expensive city for expatriates, bumping Moscow to third place after a three-year stint at the top. Moscow nevertheless claims the highest costs for one issue of an international daily newspaper at $7.67 and for one cup of coffee, including service, at $7.00. But Tokyo tops the charts when it comes to 35.3 oz. of spaghetti ($9.06) and the monthly rent of a luxury two-bedroom apartment. At $5,417.09, the rent is about $400 more than that of Moscow and much less than the $901.32 monthly rent in Johannesburg, deemed the cheapest city for expatriates.

There is a silver lining here: The price increase of the basket of goods and services utilized in the Mercer survey has stabilized in many of the 143 cities as a result of the decrease of oil prices in most locations, according to Constantin-Métral. But if frugal expatriates want to keep their wallets plump, they should refrain from purchasing a $26.85 CD in Madrid, a $9.16 fast-food hamburger meal in Dublin or a $2.63 liter of whole milk in Beijing.

總體來看，東京對外派人員而言是生活成本最高的城市。在連續三年排名榜首之後，莫斯科此次則被擠到了第三的位置。雖然莫斯科的國際日報價格（每份7.67 美元）以及咖啡價格（包括服務費，每杯7美元）最高，但是日本的義大利式細麵條價格（每公斤9.06美元）和豪華兩室公寓的月租金（5,417.09美元）則最高。這一租金比莫斯科貴了約400美元，且遠高於約翰尼斯堡的901.32美元。約翰尼斯堡被認為是對外派人員而言生活成本最低的城市。

不過這還存在一絲希望：Constantin-Métral 稱，由於143個城市中的大多數油價下跌，美世調查中涉及的一攬子商品和服務的漲價行情在許多城市已趨於穩定。但是如果節儉的外派人員希望讓錢包保持鼓鼓的狀態，他們則應該避免購買馬德里售價26.85美元的 CD、都柏林9.16美元的速食漢堡以及北京每公升2.63美元的全脂牛奶。